1
2
  -2023
.. 
 
: 3     : 60
:             
-
1.   -    
2.       
-
3.      
4.     ?
-
5.           
6.         ?
2
2
 -
7.        ?
8.    ?       
  -2023
.. 
 
: 3     : 60
:             
-
1.   -    
:     -     
               ,     
  
 ,    ,         -   , 
    ,     -   -    ( 
 ,   , )
,     -        
1.   -    
 ,       ,          
    ,                  
3
2
:            , 
   ,            ( 
   -)     
              
2.  -    
   ,                
        ,       
 ()           
:    ,    ( )    
 -     ( )  
3.  -   
     ,            ,
   (,     )  
:         ,     
        
            ,  
(   ) 
 
4.    
       
     
:             
          ,     
    
          ,   (ATP)   
    
5.  -  
      
 ,       
:              ()
  
 ,              
 
4
2
6.   (ER) -  
  (ER)               
       :
1.  -             
2.  -    
       
     
: ER      ,          
 
7.  -  
                 
-        ,      
:        ()   ,   
,     ' 
 
8.  - 
               -, 
,           
:             
   
         
9. -  
 ,    -            
       
:           ,     
  
 ,      ,         
10. -    
      ,   
        

:                
,   
        ' 
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2
11.   (    )-  
   ,                
   ,      
:         ,      
           

12.  (    ) -  
              ,  
           
:     ,        
    
    ,      
       
 


 
         
 
    

       
    
   
 

      
 
   

   
 

 
 
   
  (ER)
       
  
 
     
 

  
   

   -   
    

     
 
  ( )
     
  
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2
 


 ( )
     
 

   -   ,  -  ()     
             ,     -
  -   
2.       
:     -     
          ,  ,    
      ,          

  
       
? ,    
    -     
  , 
    '   ,    
              , 

  ,     ,    
   '   
            :
1.   ( )
2.   ( )
3.    (  )
         
1.   ( )
   ?
            , ,  ,
 ,              
    ,  
            
      
7
2
   
             
  
   ()      
             
     
  ,     ' 
      
   
   (  )        
  
 (  )  ,        
  (  )        
    
   ()        
   ,  
   
 ,           
 
2.   ( )
   ?
          ,   , , 
 ,             ,   
           - 
 
   


 ,  
  ,          (
 )   
          
   
   ,     
;   
      
       ,       
  -            
   
        
     
  
 
8
2
             
 
    
             
 
 '  ,             -    
     -  
3.    (  )
    ?
                    
     ,     ,  
   '
 
 ,         ,   

 
    
      ( )  ,      
 
,    ,         , 
   
          
       ,       
100,000   
    
                
         
     
               24/7    
       ,         
     

 
 
  

 (
 
 )
 (    )
 (   
)

   
     
    
9
2

 
 
  

 ()
 (  
)
 ()  


      
      
 
      
  




   
   
 

-     
              :
1.    ,         
 
2.   ,          
3.      
          
         ,          
   ,          
  

       ,       

:  ,  ,         
   -       ,    
  ,        
                
           
    
      , 
         
    
10
2
-
3.      
:   :     
      
     ,      
    ,               
 -       ()  ,    (
)   ,   -     

   -    ,     
      
             -      
 --           
1.    :   
  
    
 ,           
      ()     
 ( ):           
         
 ( ):,        ,    
  ,   ()       
:               , 
        ,      
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :   
        
    , 
     
          
2. : 
   
  ,      
   ,    
      
               
        
        ,       ,  
                  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :           
           
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2
3. : 
               
       ,    :
o   (HCl):        
 
o :           
o :       
 
        
 ,   , - 
        
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :        ()   ( ) 
 ( )  
    
4.  :    
              
  6          : ,  

     ,         :
1. :   ,          
2.   :      '  
3. :   ,   ,    
   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :                
     
   :
o  ( ) →      
o  ( ) →      
o         
       ',           
 
      
      
  ,      
 
12
2
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :                ,
      
5.  :   - 
       ,          

         
    - ()    
              
  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :        , -    
  
6.  :-  
   -    ,       ,      
      
     
  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :           
   
  
   ,        
       
 
  ,        
            ,    
 
          
-             
   
       
          
          
 
13
2
      
1. ,          
2.         
3.         
4.            '  
5.          ,       

                   
     ,     -    
 
              ,
     
           
 
    
4.     ?
:   :     
-
                
     
       
   
               
 ,        
     ,   -   ,    ,
, ,           ,  
  ?
  ,        , ,    
  , ,           '
  '        
   -   
       
 ,  100-              '
    ,             
  
  
       ' 
    ' 
  
14
2
    
 ?
         :
1.     -       
  ,         
2.   -          , 

              
3.     -      

,          
4.      -         ,  
         
5.   -    ,        
    ,           
6.    -     ,      ,
     
     
  
       '   -  
1.      
              
 
   :
 -           
       
      
     
  
  (EPO )-          
 ,
        '        
 
 -             ,  
   
2.  
                  '

           ,      
15
2
               
     EPO        
3.  
              , , 
               
     
4.    
              

         ,    
         
   
         '     
1.  
  -       
      
   
   -         
 
 -         ,   
      
-       ,        
    
 -   , ,      
 
2.     
  -      '      
    '    
    -          
   
  -      ,       
  ,         
16
2
  
        ,           

  -  :
1.   ()      ,   
(EPO)               
2.   ( ) -    1988       
               

3.   () -         
       
4.   -          
       
       ?
   ,          
1.     ()-         

          
2.   -      ,         
           
 
3.    -    (IOC)    
     
4.  -        ,      
  ,     ,        
5.  -          
          
:  
 
                  
      
          , 
   ? 
!           
  ,  ,            -   
 

17
2
                
   
           ,  
  - ,     -   
     ,
                  
    
-
5.           
:       
   
                 
               
   ,           
    , ,  ,        
  
 ,                
 ,           , ,      
         
 
   
1.   :        ,
 ,         
 
2.     : ,       
,        
3.      :        
 ,     '        
4.   
 : ,        
   
5.    
 : -        
  ,          
    
     -         
  
  ,          ,  
18
2
          ,    
        
    
1.    
o     -         
o     ,            
o               
o :   ,         
 ,           
2.  - 
o ,           
o    ,        , 
 
 
o :      '  
 ,     , 
  
     
3.      
o          

o     ,         
 
o :       '  
 ,   
     
4.    
o                
 
o           
o :            
         
5.      
o         
   
 ' ,  ,    
19
2
o ,               

o :        
,     
    ,        
6. -    
o    -       
 
o              
o :  -       ,   
       
7.       
o          

o            
o :        
 , 
          
     
1.      
o             
o             
   
o              
2.  - 
o      '  
o               
  
o              

3.      
o         - 
  
o      -    
20
2
o             
    
4.   - 
o           
o        
     

o        
5.     
o         
o      ,        
  
o          
6.    
o        
o ,      
o   - -     
7.     
o          
o       
o       

            

           ,    
        -     
  ,       -     
                 
 
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2
6.         ?
:     
-
                  ,
          ,    ,   
             ,     ,
       
  , 
   ,  , ,  
-   
      ,    
   ?
      ,            ,
                  ,
         ,    -   


 ,          ,     
        ,       ,
               
   
         :
1.   
            ' ,     ( 
  )        :
:     
    ,       

 
:   
     ,    
  , 
,     
 
   :       
 ,   
     
 
2.     
 ,             , ,   
           ,      
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
 ,           ,       
 
   
           :
1.  
      ,         ,
     ,       
     
2.   
, ,        ,      
         
  
    
  ,      
3.   
               
       (  ),      
   
    
4. -    - 
    ' ,            
-   ,             
5.   
,             , 
      
6.  
    ,        , -     
              

   
     ,       
1.  
          ,  :
  : , ,    
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  :               
  
  :  ,           
  :       ,   
    
2.  
   :     '    ,    
               
 
 :        
 ,
      
 ,      
 
:   
      

 ,  ,  ,
    
 
3.    
    
 ,         ,   

    
      ,            
 
1.    
       ,      ,    
     (    )      
 
2.    
         (  )    -

             
3.   
        ,       
              
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4.   
              
           
5. -  ' 
,     -  '       , 
   -     
6.    
,   -            
 
7.      
        ,        ,
               
            
8.   
          -   
          ,   
      

               ,
  ,               ,
         ,    , 
,             ,

       
          - ,      
          ,       
 
  ,  
           

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 -
7.        ?
:      
  ,    ,   ,       
                  
     
   ,       
    
   
     ,          :
1. 
                    
 , ,                :





  :
    
  
   (  )   
   
   -     
  :
               '   
         ,        
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2. 
      (      )       
        :
 (  )



  :
   
  
   
     '    
  :
        '         ,  
               , 
      
     
                
   
   :
      ,      :
1.   
      
              

2.   
  '     (   )    (  ) 
 
     , ,          
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3.   
         ' 
          
   '   -       
4.        
           '   

       ,       
 
5.    
         
             -   

     :
              ,     
          :
1.   
2.          
3.   
4.   
   :
   '      ,          
   
1. RICE    
  RICE       :
 - :                
 - :         (   ) 
  24     15-20   
C - :           
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E :           
2.   
  24-48             
3.         
    --
      
    
4. 48   - 
       ',       -  

      
     :
        :
1.       
2.       
3.      
4.   '  
    
     
 , 
       
   :
1.     - 
          - 
      ,         
2.     
     ,        
            
3.   '  
  '             
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4.    
                
    ?
        
 ,     :
    

     
     
    

                
,              
            ,    
, ,             ,   
    ,         
8.    ?       
:        
-
                    
    , , ,        
        
   , , , ,  -
  -            ,
,   COVID-19  
        ,       
    , 
     -   
 
     ,   
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   ?
                  - 
 (      )  ,    ,    
      
 ,       ,        
             ,     
    
    
1.     -   , ,     
    
2.       -   ,       

   
3.   -  - , , ,   - 
 
4.    -  ,        
    
  
  -         :
1.   
2.   
3.  
4.  

5.  

6. - 
        
1.   
          
  '  
  
:         
 ,     
: , 
:       
 
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 :/,       
 
 
   :   , ,         
 : , 
:
      
   ' 
            
2.   
 ,     '          
 
 :         ,      
 ,        
 : , ,            
   
:
   '     
      
        
3.  
   
      ,     
               

   
:-19, , ,  
:           
,   
 
   ,          
 
:
   '  
      
     
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4.  

            ,     
     
: , , ,   
:   
   
          , 
         ,        
     
:
,      
     
             
5.  

            
: , ,  .   
:  ,       ,      

:
      
       
       
6. - 
  -   
 ,  ""     
           
:
o     
 
o    
 
o     
:   " "            
 
 
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:
-     
-        
         
    ?
          :
1.  -   '  ,  ,  -  
2.  - ,       
 
3.    -          
4.    -  ,  ,      
5.     -       
6.  -  -           

7.     -         
   

       
          
               
     ,          
     
        , 
       
      
:            ( )      
         , 
         